Hip dysplasia (canine)

Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD) is a common skeletal condition in dogs, particularly in larger breeds. It is characterized by a malformation of the hip joint, leading to a laxity that results in degenerative joint disease, or osteoarthritis. The condition can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and mobility issues for the affected animal.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of canine hip dysplasia is genetic, with the condition being more prevalent in certain breeds such as the German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever, and Golden Retriever. However, environmental factors such as rapid weight gain, improper nutrition, and excessive or insufficient physical exercise during the growth phase can exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of canine hip dysplasia can vary widely but often include difficulty rising, reluctance to run, jump, or climb stairs, lameness in the hind end, and a noticeable enlargement of the shoulder muscles as they compensate for the hindquarters. A distinctive "bunny hopping" gait may also be observed due to the discomfort in the hip area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CHD is primarily through physical examination and radiographs (X-rays). The Ortolani maneuver is a common clinical test used to assess joint laxity, and advanced imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT) scans or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can also be employed for a more detailed evaluation.

Treatment

Treatment options for canine hip dysplasia range from conservative management to surgical intervention. Conservative approaches include weight management, physical therapy, and the use of pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications. In more severe cases, surgical options such as a Total Hip Replacement (THR) or Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO) may be recommended to improve the quality of life for the affected dog.

Prevention

Preventive measures for CHD include responsible breeding practices, such as screening for hip dysplasia through organizations like the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA). Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight, providing a balanced diet, and ensuring appropriate exercise during the growth period can help reduce the risk of developing hip dysplasia.

See Also

• Osteoarthritis
• Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
• Total Hip Replacement (THR)
• Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO)

Hip dysplasia (canine) Resources
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