Hippocampus
Hippocampus is a major component of the brain in humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus.
Ammon's Horn[edit | edit source]
Ammon's horn, also known as the cornu ammonis, is divided into four fields: CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4. Each field has different properties and connections, which contribute to the functional diversity of the hippocampus.
Dentate Gyrus[edit | edit source]
The dentate gyrus is a part of the hippocampal formation. It is thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments, and other functions.
Function[edit | edit source]
The hippocampus has several functions in the brain, including:
- Memory Formation: The hippocampus is critical for the formation of new memories. Damage to the hippocampus can result in severe memory impairment.
- Spatial Navigation: The hippocampus contains "place cells" that fire when an individual is in a specific location. This is thought to contribute to an individual's ability to navigate through space.
- Stress Regulation: The hippocampus is involved in the regulation of the body's response to stress. It is particularly sensitive to stress hormones like cortisol.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Damage to the hippocampus can result in memory loss and difficulties with spatial navigation. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy often involve hippocampal damage and dysfunction.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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