Histamine N-methyltransferase

Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HNMT gene. It is found in every tissue of the body, with the highest concentrations in the liver, kidney, and bronchus.

Function

HNMT is involved in the metabolism of histamine, a compound that plays a central role in local immune responses, regulates physiological function in the gut, and acts as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. HNMT is the primary enzyme responsible for the degradation of histamine in the bronchial epithelium. It catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to histamine, thereby producing N-methylhistamine.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the HNMT gene have been associated with a variety of conditions, including asthma, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. In addition, certain medications, such as antihistamines, can inhibit the activity of HNMT, potentially leading to increased histamine levels and associated symptoms.

Structure

The HNMT gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 2 at position 22.3, from base pair 37,795,769 to base pair 37,810,362. The HNMT protein is composed of 292 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 33 kDa.

See also

• Histamine
• Methylation
• S-adenosyl-L-methionine

File:Histamine N-methyltransferase.png

Histamine N-methyltransferase

References

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