Holiness movement

Camp meeting of the Methodists in N. America J. Milbert del M. Dubourg sculp (cropped)

HCMorrison

Julia A. J. Foote

Circuit rider illustration Eggleston

Descent of the Modernists, E. J. Pace, Christian Cartoons, 1922

Holiness Movement

The Holiness Movement is a significant Christian movement that originated in the 19th century in the United States. It emphasizes the doctrine of sanctification, a post-conversion experience that leads to a life of holiness. This movement has its roots in Methodism, particularly in the teachings of John Wesley on Christian perfection. However, it has influenced and been adopted by several other denominations, leading to the formation of numerous Holiness churches.

History

The Holiness Movement began in the early 19th century, growing out of Methodist revivalism and the teachings of John Wesley on sanctification. Wesley taught that Christians could reach a level of personal holiness or "entire sanctification" where the power of sin over them could be eliminated in this life. This idea was further developed and spread through camp meetings and revival services, which were a hallmark of the Second Great Awakening.

In the latter half of the 19th century, the movement gained structure through the establishment of Holiness churches and associations. Notable among these were the Church of the Nazarene, the Wesleyan Church, and the Free Methodist Church. The movement also had a significant influence on the rise of Pentecostalism in the early 20th century, with the Pentecostal emphasis on the Baptism with the Holy Spirit being seen as a further experience of sanctification.

Beliefs and Practices

Central to the Holiness Movement is the belief in a second work of grace, following conversion, called sanctification or entire sanctification. This is an instantaneous and complete purification of the believer's heart from sin, enabling a life of holiness and love for God and others. This experience is often accompanied by an inward assurance of God's sanctifying grace.

Holiness adherents practice a lifestyle that they believe reflects their inner purity. This includes abstaining from practices considered sinful or worldly, such as the use of alcohol, tobacco, and sometimes the participation in secular entertainment. The movement also places a strong emphasis on prayer, Bible study, and active involvement in the church and community as expressions of a holy life.

Impact and Legacy

The Holiness Movement has had a profound impact on Christianity, particularly in the United States. Its emphasis on personal piety and social holiness contributed to the development of the social gospel movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Additionally, its influence can be seen in the rise of Pentecostalism and the Charismatic Movement, which share the Holiness Movement's emphasis on a personal experience of God's power and presence.

Despite its significant contributions, the Holiness Movement has also faced criticism. Some have argued that its emphasis on entire sanctification can lead to legalism and a sense of spiritual superiority. Others have noted the challenges of maintaining a distinctively holy lifestyle in the context of modern secular society.

Conclusion

The Holiness Movement remains an influential force in Christianity, advocating for a life of personal holiness and purity. Its emphasis on sanctification, heartfelt worship, and social justice continues to inspire and challenge Christians to live out their faith in tangible ways.