Horse latitudes

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Atmospheric circulation

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Horse Latitudes are regions of the Earth's atmosphere located at about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. They are characterized by calm winds and little precipitation. The name "Horse Latitudes" is said to originate from the days of sailing ships when, due to lack of wind, horses carried on ships for trade would have to be thrown overboard to conserve water. However, the veracity of this explanation is debated among historians.

Characteristics

The Horse Latitudes are associated with high-pressure areas where the air descends from the upper atmosphere. This descending air warms up and dries, leading to the evaporation of most moisture and resulting in dry and arid conditions. These regions are known for their clear skies and stable weather, making them locations of some of the world's major deserts, such as the Sahara Desert in Africa and the Sonoran Desert in North America.

Geographical Location

The Horse Latitudes are found at approximately 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. These latitudes are significant in both oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns. They mark the boundaries of the tropical and subtropical zones and play a crucial role in the global climate system. The northern Horse Latitude is often referred to as the "Subtropical High" or the "Azores High," while the southern counterpart is sometimes called the "Subtropical Ridge" or the "Saint Helena High."

Climate Impact

The climate in the Horse Latitudes is predominantly dry and warm due to the high-pressure systems. These conditions contribute to the formation of some of the world's largest deserts and make these regions prone to drought. The stable weather also affects marine conditions, leading to areas with minimal wind and calm seas, historically challenging for sailing vessels reliant on wind power.

Historical Significance

Historically, the Horse Latitudes had a significant impact on navigation and trade routes. Sailors in the age of sail would often become becalmed in these regions, leading to delays in voyages. The lack of wind made it difficult for ships to escape the high-pressure areas, contributing to the lore and myths surrounding these latitudes.

See Also

• Trade Winds
• Doldrums
• Ocean currents
• Atmospheric circulation