Corn smut

Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis. The fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn (maize) species, and is known in Mexico as huitlacoche, where it is considered a delicacy.

Overview

Ustilago maydis is a pathogenic plant fungus that causes smut disease in maize (Zea mays) and teosinte (Euchlena mexicana). The fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn species, and is known in Mexico as huitlacoche, where it is considered a delicacy. The fungus is spread by wind and rain, and can also be transmitted by insects.

Symptoms and effects

The most obvious symptom of corn smut is the presence of large, irregular, tumor-like galls on the ears, tassels, or stalks of the corn plant. These galls are initially white or gray and filled with a liquid that contains the fungal spores. As the galls mature, they become dark and filled with a powdery mass of spores. When the galls rupture, the spores are released and can infect other plants.

Control

Control of corn smut involves a combination of cultural practices, such as crop rotation and sanitation, and the use of resistant varieties. Fungicides can also be used, but they are generally not cost-effective for most commercial growers.

Culinary use

In Mexico, corn smut is considered a delicacy and is often used in soups, stews, and as a filling for tacos and quesadillas. The galls are harvested while they are still immature and have a sweet, mushroom-like flavor.

See also

• List of maize diseases
• Plant pathology
• Fungus