Hydnum umbilicatum

Hydnum umbilicatum mycowalt

Hydnum umbilicatum, commonly known as the nipple hydnum, is a species of mushroom belonging to the family Hydnaceae. This fungus is notable for its distinctive appearance, featuring a cap with a central depression or "nipple" and its underside covered in spines rather than the gills or pores found in more familiar mushrooms. It is part of the genus Hydnum, which is comprised of tooth fungi, so named for the tooth-like structures on the underside of their caps. These structures are technically known as spines or teeth, which serve the purpose of releasing spores.

Description

Hydnum umbilicatum mushrooms have caps that typically measure 2 to 6 centimeters in diameter, with a color palette that ranges from pale orange to a deeper reddish-brown. The cap's surface is smooth, and the center often features a pronounced depression or umbilicus, giving rise to its common name. The spines under the cap are white to light orange, descending the stipe to some extent, and are easily detached. The stipe itself is 2 to 4 centimeters tall, central, and either the same color as or lighter than the cap.

The spores of Hydnum umbilicatum are white, contributing to a white spore print, which is a characteristic feature of the species. This mushroom is ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationships with trees, which is beneficial for both the fungus and its plant host.

Habitat and Distribution

Hydnum umbilicatum is found in temperate forests across North America and Europe. It prefers mixed woodlands but can also be found in coniferous forests, forming ectomycorrhizal associations with a variety of trees. This species is typically found growing in small groups on the forest floor, often in mossy areas.

Edibility

The nipple hydnum is considered edible and is sought after for its mild, nutty flavor and firm texture. However, as with all wild mushrooms, it should only be consumed if positively identified by an experienced mycologist or forager to avoid confusion with potentially toxic species.

Conservation

Currently, Hydnum umbilicatum does not face any immediate threats and is not listed on any conservation watchlists. However, like many fungi, its existence is closely tied to the health of its forest habitats, making it susceptible to the effects of deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

See Also

• Mycorrhiza
• Edible mushroom
• Spore print
• Ectomycorrhizal fungi

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