Hyperpolarization

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Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization. It inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold.

Mechanism[edit | edit source]

Hyperpolarization is often caused by efflux of K+ (a cation) through K+ channels, or influx of Cl- (an anion) through Cl- channels. On the other hand, influx of cations, e.g. Na+, or efflux of anions will decrease membrane potential, leading to depolarization.

Role in Neurons[edit | edit source]

In neurons, hyperpolarization is often caused by efflux of K+ (a cation) through K+ channels, or influx of Cl- (an anion) through Cl- channels. This increase in K+ permeability leads to an increase in the magnitude of the membrane potential (i.e., hyperpolarization) because K+ is at a higher concentration inside the cell. This results in a net loss of positive charge, making the inside of the neuron more negative.

Role in Cardiac Cells[edit | edit source]

In cardiac cells, hyperpolarization is the main cause for the resting potential of these cells. It is also the cause of the absolute refractory period, a period of time during which the cell cannot initiate another action potential.

See Also[edit | edit source]

Hyperpolarization Resources
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