IPEX

IPEX syndrome (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) is a rare X-linked recessive disease. It affects the body's immune system and can lead to a variety of autoimmune disorders. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene, which plays a crucial role in immune system regulation.

Symptoms and Signs

The symptoms of IPEX syndrome can vary greatly, but they often include severe diarrhea, eczema, and endocrinopathy, particularly type 1 diabetes. Other symptoms can include thyroid disease, anemia, and nail dystrophy. Symptoms usually appear in the first year of life.

Causes

IPEX syndrome is caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is crucial for immune system regulation. The FOXP3 protein controls the function and development of regulatory T cells, a type of white blood cell that helps prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own cells.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of IPEX syndrome is based on clinical symptoms and confirmed by genetic testing. The testing can identify mutations in the FOXP3 gene.

Treatment

Treatment for IPEX syndrome is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This can include medications to suppress the immune system, replacement of hormones, and nutritional support. In severe cases, a bone marrow transplant may be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with IPEX syndrome varies. Some individuals have a mild form of the disease and can live into adulthood, while others have a severe form and may not survive past infancy.

See also

• Autoimmune disease
• Primary immunodeficiency

IPEX Resources
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