IV line

Intravenous therapy (IV therapy or IV line) is a medical technique that delivers fluids, medications, and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver substances throughout the body, as these are immediately available in the bloodstream for circulation and use by various body tissues and organs.

Overview

Intravenous therapy is employed for various reasons, such as correcting electrolyte imbalances, delivering medications, blood transfusions, and fluid replacement. IV therapy can be used both for short-term needs, such as rehydration or immediate drug delivery, and for long-term therapies, such as chemotherapy for cancer patients or total parenteral nutrition for those unable to consume food orally.

Components

The main components of an IV therapy system include:

• Sterile Fluid: This can be saline, dextrose, or a specific medication solution.
• IV Bag: A plastic bag that contains the sterile fluid.
• Drip Chamber: Helps to prevent air from entering the bloodstream and allows control of the flow rate.
• Tubing: Connects the IV bag to the catheter.
• Needle or Catheter: A small tube inserted into a vein, through which fluids are delivered.

Procedure

The procedure for initiating IV therapy involves:

1. Cleaning the chosen site of insertion with an antiseptic to prevent infection.
2. Inserting the needle or catheter into the vein.
3. Securing the catheter in place with adhesive tape.
4. Connecting the catheter to the IV tubing and adjusting the flow rate as prescribed.

Types of Access

• Peripheral IV Line: The most common type, inserted into a small peripheral vein, usually in the hand or arm.
• Central Venous Catheter: Inserted into a large vein in the neck, chest, or groin for patients requiring long-term therapy or high-risk medications.
• PICC Line: A peripherally inserted central catheter, used for long-term IV therapy.

Risks and Complications

While IV therapy is generally safe, it can have complications, including:

• Infection at the insertion site.
• Phlebitis (inflammation of the vein).
• Air embolism (air bubbles in the bloodstream).
• Fluid overload.

Conclusion

Intravenous therapy is a critical component in the management and treatment of patients across various medical settings. Its ability to provide immediate and controlled delivery of substances into the bloodstream makes it an indispensable tool in modern medicine.