Il segreto di Susanna

Il segreto di Susanna (Susanna's Secret) is an opera in one act by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari to an Italian libretto by Enrico Golisciani. The opera premiered on December 4, 1909, at the Hoftheater in Munich, Germany. It falls under the category of intermezzo in the realm of operatic genres, characterized by its single-act structure and light, often comedic, subject matter. The work is notable for its exploration of themes such as secrecy, jealousy, and the dynamics of marriage, all conveyed through Wolf-Ferrari's melodic and accessible musical language.

Plot

The narrative of Il segreto di Susanna revolves around the character of Count Gil, who suspects his wife Susanna of infidelity after detecting the smell of tobacco in their home. Susanna, the titular character, harbors a secret: she smokes cigarettes, a habit she keeps hidden from her husband due to societal norms and personal apprehensions. The opera unfolds as a series of misunderstandings and comedic situations, culminating in the revelation of Susanna's secret and the reconciliation of the couple. The plot touches on themes of trust, privacy, and the societal expectations placed upon women, making it a work that, while comedic, offers commentary on the social mores of its time.

Music

Wolf-Ferrari's score for Il segreto di Susanna is characterized by its lyrical melodies, rich harmonies, and the integration of Italianate style with influences from the German operatic tradition. The music serves to enhance the comedic elements of the opera while also providing depth to the characters' emotions and the tension in their relationship. Notably, the opera includes an overture that sets the tone for the unfolding drama and arias that showcase the vocal talents of the performers, particularly in the roles of Susanna and Gil.

Performance History

Since its premiere, Il segreto di Susanna has enjoyed popularity in both Europe and the United States, often performed as part of a double bill with other one-act operas. Its accessibility and the universal appeal of its themes have made it a favorite among audiences and performers alike. The opera has been staged by numerous opera companies and has been recorded several times, contributing to its enduring presence in the operatic repertoire.

Roles

The opera is notable for its small cast, consisting primarily of two characters:

• Susanna, a soprano, the wife who harbors the secret of her smoking.
• Count Gil, a baritone, Susanna's husband who becomes suspicious of her secretive behavior.

There is also a silent role, Sante, the couple's servant, who does not sing but plays a part in the comedic elements of the opera.

Significance

Il segreto di Susanna holds a place in the operatic canon as a charming and insightful work that bridges the gap between the verismo style of the late 19th century and the emerging modernist sensibilities of the early 20th century. Its exploration of personal and societal themes, combined with Wolf-Ferrari's melodic skill, makes it a work of both entertainment and substance.