Ilisha africana

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FMIB 45853 Pellona africana

Ilisha africana is a species of fish in the family Clupeidae, which is widely distributed in the marine and brackish waters of the Atlantic Ocean along the West African coast. This species is of significant importance to local fisheries and is a source of livelihood for many communities in the region. Ilisha africana is known for its elongated body, silver color, and distinctively large eyes, which are adaptations to its environment.

Description

Ilisha africana can reach a length of up to 30 cm, but most individuals are smaller. This fish is characterized by its slender body, silver scales, and large eyes, which are indicative of its habitat in relatively low-light conditions. The species has a deeply forked tail, which aids in its swift movement through water. Its diet primarily consists of plankton, small fish, and crustaceans, making it an integral part of the marine food web.

Distribution and Habitat

The distribution of Ilisha africana spans the eastern Atlantic Ocean, particularly along the West African coast. This range includes countries from Morocco to Angola, encompassing both marine and brackish environments such as estuaries and lagoons. The species prefers shallow, coastal waters, which offer abundant food and breeding grounds.

Ecological Role

As a foraging species, Ilisha africana plays a crucial role in the aquatic ecosystem. It serves as a prey item for larger predators, including birds, larger fish, and mammals. The species contributes to the control of plankton populations and helps maintain the balance within its marine habitat.

Fisheries and Economic Importance

Ilisha africana is of considerable economic importance in West Africa, where it is harvested for food. The fish is caught using traditional methods, including nets and traps. It is a popular food item due to its nutritional value, offering a good source of protein and essential fatty acids. The fishing of Ilisha africana also supports local economies, providing employment and income for many coastal communities.

Conservation

While Ilisha africana is not currently listed as endangered, the species faces threats from overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. Efforts to manage fisheries and protect critical habitats are essential for the sustainability of Ilisha africana populations. Conservation measures include establishing marine protected areas, regulating fishing practices, and conducting research to better understand the species' biology and ecology.

See Also

• Clupeidae
• Fisheries
• Marine conservation

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