Immune System

Immune System

The Immune System is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful invaders. These invaders can include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, among others. The immune system's primary function is to identify and eliminate pathogens and any foreign substances present in the body.

Structure of the Immune System

The immune system is made up of various components, including:

• White Blood Cells - These cells are the key players in the immune system. They are produced in the bone marrow and are part of the lymphatic system.

• Antibodies - These are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight off infections.

• Lymphatic System - This system includes the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus, and it plays a crucial role in the body's defense.

• Complement System - This is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism.

Function of the Immune System

The immune system performs several key functions:

• Pathogen Recognition - The immune system recognizes and responds to pathogens via the unique proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that the pathogens carry on their surfaces.

• Immune Response - Once a pathogen is recognized, the immune system mounts a response, which can include the production of antibodies, the activation of white blood cells, and the release of cytokines.

• Immune Memory - After an initial response to a specific pathogen, the immune system creates a memory of that pathogen. This memory allows the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively to subsequent encounters with that pathogen.

Disorders of the Immune System

Disorders of the immune system can lead to autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Some people are born with intrinsic defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. Others may acquire a condition that weakens their immune system, or secondary immunodeficiency.

See Also

• Innate Immune System
• Adaptive Immune System
• Immunology
• Immunodeficiency

Immune System Resources
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