Incheon

Chemulpo (Incheon), 1890

City attacked with tear gas 1987-05-10

Incheon International Airport departures

04-00-incheon-en

Incheon Asiad Main Stadium

Incheon (Korean: 인천; Hanja: 仁川), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City, is a major city located in northwestern South Korea. It is the third largest city in the country, following Seoul and Busan. Incheon borders the capital city of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, making it part of the Seoul National Capital Area, which is the world's fifth largest metropolitan area. The city is also a major seaport on the Yellow Sea and home to the Incheon International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.

History

Incheon's history dates back to the Neolithic period, with evidence of human settlement. It was officially designated as a city in 1883 during the Joseon Dynasty. The opening of the Incheon Port in 1883 and the establishment of the Incheon Customs Office in 1884 were crucial in developing the city into a major port city. The city played a significant role during the Korean War, notably during the Incheon Landing operation led by General Douglas MacArthur, which turned the tide of the war in favor of the United Nations forces.

Geography

Incheon is located on the northwest coast of South Korea, bordering the Yellow Sea. It consists of a mainland and several islands, including Yeongjong Island and Ganghwa Island. The city's topography is characterized by coastal plains, tidal flats, and small mountains, which contribute to its diverse ecosystems.

Economy

The economy of Incheon is diverse, with major industries including logistics, biotechnology, and information technology. The city is part of the Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ), which is composed of three major districts: Songdo, Cheongna, and Yeongjong. The IFEZ aims to transform Incheon into a global business hub. The development of Songdo International Business District, a smart city designed with state-of-the-art technology, is a testament to Incheon's economic ambitions.

Culture

Incheon is home to a vibrant culture that blends traditional Korean elements with modern influences. The city hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year, such as the Incheon Pentaport Rock Festival and the Incheon Korean Music Wave. The Incheon Chinatown, established in the late 19th century, is the largest Chinatown in South Korea and a popular tourist destination, known for its authentic Chinese cuisine and cultural experiences.

Transportation

Incheon's transportation network is extensive, featuring Incheon International Airport, one of the world's leading airports for international passenger and cargo traffic. The city also has a well-developed public transportation system, including subways, buses, and ferries connecting to nearby islands. The Incheon Subway system is a key component of the city's public transport, providing efficient and convenient access to various parts of the city and the greater Seoul area.

Education

Incheon is home to several higher education institutions, including Inha University and the University of Incheon. These institutions play a crucial role in the city's educational landscape, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs and contributing to the city's reputation as a center for academic excellence and research.

See Also

• Seoul
• Gyeonggi Province
• Yellow Sea
• Korean War
• Incheon International Airport