Indigenous peoples of Siberia

Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary b58 809-0

Russischer Photograph - Die Katschin, ein türkischsprechender Volksstamm (2) (Zeno Fotografie)

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Selenginskie buryaty

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Жители Новой Земли Архангельской губернии

Hezhe (Nanai) family

Indigenous Peoples of Siberia refers to the groups of people native to the vast region of Siberia, which spans much of the northern part of Asia and is part of the Russian Federation. These peoples have distinct languages, cultures, and histories that predate the Russian expansion into Siberia in the 16th century. The region of Siberia is characterized by its harsh climate, with vast taiga, tundra, and mountain ranges, which have shaped the traditional lifestyles of its indigenous inhabitants, including hunting, fishing, and reindeer herding.

History

The history of the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia is deeply intertwined with the geography and climate of the region. Before the Russian conquest, these groups led nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles, adapted to the extreme conditions of Siberia. The arrival of Russian settlers, Cossacks, and traders in the 16th and 17th centuries marked the beginning of significant changes for the indigenous populations, including the imposition of the fur tax (yasak) and the spread of diseases to which the indigenous peoples had no immunity.

Cultures and Languages

The Indigenous Peoples of Siberia are diverse, with over 40 different ethnic groups recognized in the region. These include the Yakuts, Evenks, Nenets, Chukchi, and many others. Each group has its own unique language, traditions, and social structures. Many of these languages belong to different language families, such as Uralic, Turkic, and Tungusic, reflecting the long history of migration and cultural exchange in the region.

Challenges

Today, the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia face numerous challenges. These include environmental threats, such as climate change and industrial exploitation of the land, which endanger their traditional ways of life. Additionally, cultural assimilation and the loss of languages are significant issues, as younger generations move to cities and away from traditional practices.

Rights and Representation

In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Siberia. This includes efforts to protect their lands, cultures, and languages. Organizations such as the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) work towards advocating for the rights and interests of indigenous Siberians at both national and international levels.

See Also

• Indigenous peoples of the Russian North
• Siberia
• Russian colonization of the Americas