Indoctrination

Indoctrination is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology. It is often distinguished from education by the fact that the indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically examine the doctrine they have learned. As such, indoctrination is often associated with totalitarian regimes, religious sects, and other groups which seek to maintain a high degree of control over their members.

Definition and usage

The term indoctrination originated from the Latin word 'indoctrinare', which means to teach or instruct. Over time, it has taken on a negative connotation due to its association with forcing someone to accept a set of beliefs uncritically. However, it can also refer to benign or even positive processes of socialization, such as instilling societal norms in children.

Methods

Indoctrination methods vary widely, but they often include a combination of rewards and punishments to encourage compliance, as well as the use of propaganda to promote the desired beliefs. In many cases, these methods are used to exploit the individual's desire for social acceptance and fear of social rejection.

In education

In the context of education, indoctrination refers to the deliberate shaping of a student's beliefs and attitudes. This can be contrasted with education that aims to foster critical thinking and independent judgment. Some educators argue that all education involves some form of indoctrination, while others maintain that there is a clear distinction between indoctrination and legitimate educational methods.

In religion

Many religious groups have been accused of indoctrination, particularly those that discourage questioning or critical examination of their teachings. This is often seen in cults and new religious movements, but it can also occur in mainstream religions.

In politics

In politics, indoctrination is often used to instill a particular political ideology in citizens, particularly in totalitarian regimes. This can be achieved through control of the media, propaganda, and education system.

Criticism

Critics of indoctrination argue that it undermines individual freedom and stifles critical thinking. They argue that individuals should be free to form their own beliefs and opinions, rather than having them imposed by an external authority.

See also

• Brainwashing
• Propaganda
• Education
• Religion
• Politics