Industrial and organizational psychology

Industrial and Organizational Psychology (also known as I-O psychology, occupational psychology, work psychology, or business psychology) is the scientific study of human behavior in the workplace and applies psychological theories and principles to organizations. This field addresses issues of recruitment, selection and placement, training and development, performance measurement, workplace motivation and reward systems, quality of work life, structure of work and human factors, organizational development and consumer behavior.

History

The field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology has its roots in the early 20th century with the advent of the Industrial Revolution. The rapid industrial growth led to a demand for a scientific approach to management and worker efficiency. This led to the development of the field of industrial psychology, which later expanded to include organizational psychology.

Key Concepts

Job Analysis

Job Analysis is a systematic process of understanding a job. It involves determining the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job, and the skills, abilities, and knowledge required to perform it.

Personnel Selection

Personnel Selection involves the process of choosing individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill existing or projected job openings.

Training and Development

Training and Development involves improving the performance and productivity of individuals and groups in organizational settings.

Performance Appraisal

Performance Appraisal is a systematic evaluation of an individual's performance at work.

Organizational Development

Organizational Development is a planned, organization-wide effort to increase an organization's effectiveness and health.

Applications

Industrial and Organizational Psychology is applied in various sectors including business, government, and non-profit organizations. It is used to improve productivity, increase employee satisfaction, ensure workplace safety, and enhance organizational effectiveness.

See Also

• Human Resource Management
• Organizational Behavior
• Occupational Health Psychology
• Human Factors and Ergonomics