Infasurf

Infasurf (also known as Calfactant) is a pulmonary surfactant used in the treatment and prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. It is a natural bovine lung extract composed of phospholipids, neutral lipids, fatty acids, and surfactant-associated proteins such as SP-B and SP-C.

Composition

Infasurf primarily consists of 35mg/mL of phospholipids and 0.65mg/mL of proteins B and C. The phospholipids, which are a type of fat molecule, are crucial for reducing surface tension in the lungs, thereby preventing the alveoli from collapsing. The proteins B and C, on the other hand, are involved in the spreading and stability of the surfactant layer.

Mechanism of Action

Infasurf acts by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli of the lungs. This is achieved by the phospholipids and proteins in the surfactant, which spread across the surface of the alveoli and prevent them from collapsing during exhalation. This helps to improve oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing in infants with RDS.

Indications

Infasurf is indicated for the prevention of RDS in infants at high risk, and for the treatment of premature infants who develop RDS. It is administered by direct instillation into the trachea, usually during an endotracheal intubation procedure.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Infasurf include bradycardia, oxygen desaturation, endotracheal tube blockage, and intraventricular hemorrhage. However, these are generally transient and resolve with appropriate management.

See Also

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Pulmonary surfactant
• Endotracheal intubation