Infection-induced anorexia
An overview of infection-induced anorexia
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Infection-induced anorexia[edit | edit source]
Infection-induced anorexia is a physiological response to infection characterized by a reduced desire to eat. This phenomenon is observed across a wide range of species, including humans, and is thought to be an adaptive response to illness.
Mechanisms[edit | edit source]
The mechanisms underlying infection-induced anorexia involve complex interactions between the immune system, the central nervous system, and various hormones. During an infection, the immune system releases cytokines, which are signaling molecules that can affect the brain and alter appetite.
Cytokines[edit | edit source]
Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-_) play a significant role in mediating anorexia during infection. These cytokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with the hypothalamus, a region of the brain involved in regulating hunger and satiety.
Hormonal changes[edit | edit source]
In addition to cytokines, infection can lead to changes in hormone levels that influence appetite. For example, levels of leptin, a hormone that suppresses hunger, may increase during infection, contributing to reduced food intake.
Adaptive significance[edit | edit source]
The reduction in food intake during infection is thought to have several adaptive benefits. By reducing the intake of food, the body may conserve energy that can be redirected towards mounting an effective immune response. Additionally, fasting can lead to metabolic changes that may enhance the ability to fight off pathogens.
Clinical implications[edit | edit source]
Understanding infection-induced anorexia has important clinical implications. In some cases, the anorexia associated with infection can lead to malnutrition, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly or those with chronic illnesses. Managing nutrition during infection is therefore an important aspect of patient care.
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