Infratentorial region

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== Infratentorial Region ==

The infratentorial region is an anatomical area located in the lower part of the cranial cavity. It is situated below the tentorium cerebelli, a structure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum and the brainstem. This region includes the cerebellum, the pons, the medulla oblongata, and the fourth ventricle.

Anatomy

The infratentorial region is a critical area of the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a vital role in various functions, including coordination, balance, and autonomic control. The main components of the infratentorial region are:

• Cerebellum: Responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture.
• Pons: A part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus. It is involved in motor control and sensory analysis.
• Medulla oblongata: The lower half of the brainstem, which controls autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
• Fourth ventricle: A cavity within the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is part of the ventricular system.

Clinical Significance

Lesions or abnormalities in the infratentorial region can lead to various neurological disorders. Some common conditions associated with this region include:

• Cerebellar ataxia: A disorder characterized by a lack of muscle coordination due to cerebellar damage.
• Brainstem stroke: A type of stroke that occurs in the brainstem, leading to severe neurological deficits.
• Chiari malformation: A condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, often affecting the cerebellum and brainstem.
• Medulloblastoma: A type of brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum and is most common in children.

Imaging

Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to visualize the infratentorial region. These imaging modalities help in diagnosing various conditions affecting this area.

See Also

• Supratentorial region
• Tentorium cerebelli
• Brainstem
• Cerebrospinal fluid