Intensive pig farming

Intensive pig farming, also known as factory pig farming, is a subset of pig farming and of industrial animal agriculture, all of which are types of animal husbandry, in which livestock pigs are raised up to slaughter weight. These operations are known as AFO or CAFO in the U.S. In this system of pig production, grower pigs are housed indoors in group-housing or straw-lined sheds, whilst pregnant sows are housed in gestation crates or pens and give birth in farrowing crates.

The use of some of these housing systems and practices is controversial due to space restrictions and other welfare concerns. Many of the world's largest producers of pigs (U.S., Canada, UK) use intensive systems. Approximately 60% of the world's pork is produced in China, which rears around half of the world's pigs, many of them in intensive systems.

History

The trend to intensive pig farming occurred after World War II. The discovery of vitamins and their role in animal nutrition, in the first two decades of the 20th century, led to vitamin supplements, which in 1928 allowed certain livestock to be raised indoors. The discovery of antibiotics and vaccines facilitated raising livestock in larger numbers by reducing disease. Chemicals developed for use in World War II gave rise to synthetic pesticides. Developments in shipping networks and technology have made long-distance distribution of agricultural produce feasible.

Welfare concerns

There are issues regarding the welfare of intensive pig farming. Many animal welfare groups are critical of the industry and are calling for reform and changes in the way pigs are treated.

Environmental impact

Intensive pig farming can have negative environmental impacts. Manure can be a source of environmental contamination, and the use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic resistance.

See also

• Animal welfare
• Factory farming
• Pig farming
• Industrial animal agriculture
• Animal husbandry
• Livestock