Intentional tremor

Intentional Tremor refers to a rhythmic, oscillatory movement disorder that occurs during voluntary movement, such as when reaching towards an object. It is a type of tremor that is distinct from resting tremor, which occurs when the muscle is at rest. Intentional tremor is most commonly associated with diseases affecting the cerebellum, a part of the brain that plays a crucial role in motor control.

Causes

Intentional tremor is primarily caused by damage to or degeneration of the cerebellum or its pathways. This can result from a variety of conditions, including:

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - A disease where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves.
• Stroke - A condition where blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced.
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - Physical trauma to the head that affects the brain.
• Cerebellar Ataxia - A disorder that results in impairment of coordination and balance.
• Brain Tumors - Abnormal growths within the brain that can disrupt normal brain function.

Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of intentional tremor is an increase in tremor amplitude during voluntary movement. Other symptoms may include:

• Difficulty in performing precise movements
• Unsteady gait
• Poor coordination
• Difficulty in speaking (Dysarthria)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of intentional tremor involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, focusing on neurological function. Additional tests may include:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - To visualize the brain and identify any abnormalities.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan - To obtain detailed images of the brain.
• Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies - To measure electrical activity of muscles.

Treatment

Treatment for intentional tremor is aimed at managing symptoms and may include:

• Medications such as beta-blockers, anti-seizure drugs, and others that can help reduce tremor amplitude.
• Physical therapy to improve coordination and muscle control.
• In severe cases, surgical interventions such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) may be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with intentional tremor varies depending on the underlying cause. While there is no cure for most of the conditions that lead to intentional tremor, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

See Also

• Tremor
• Cerebellum
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Deep Brain Stimulation