Interferon-gamma receptor

Interferon-gamma receptor (IFNγR) is a type of protein that is encoded by the IFNGR1 gene in humans. It is a part of the interferon family, which are proteins that are produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells.

Structure

The IFNγR is composed of two subunits, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. The IFNGR1 subunit is the ligand-binding chain (alpha), while the IFNGR2 subunit is the accessory chain (beta). Both of these subunits are necessary for signal transduction.

Function

The primary function of the IFNγR is to mediate the biological effects of IFNγ. When IFNγ binds to the receptor, it activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which leads to the expression of certain genes that have antiviral, antitumor, and immune response functions.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the IFNGR1 gene can lead to a condition known as Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, which is characterized by an increased susceptibility to certain mycobacterial infections. Additionally, IFNγR has been implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

See also

• Interferon gamma
• Interferon
• JAK-STAT signaling pathway
• Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease