Interleukin-35

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a cytokine belonging to the interleukin family, specifically the IL-12 family. It is produced by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plays a crucial role in the immune system by suppressing inflammatory responses and promoting the development of regulatory T cells.

Structure

IL-35 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two subunits: IL-12p35 and EBI3. These subunits are non-covalently linked and are encoded by separate genes. The structure of IL-35 is similar to other members of the IL-12 family, which also form heterodimers.

Function

IL-35 is primarily produced by regulatory T cells and is involved in the regulation of the immune system. It suppresses the immune response by inhibiting the proliferation of effector T cells, which are cells that actively respond to a stimulus such as a pathogen. IL-35 also promotes the conversion of effector T cells into regulatory T cells, further enhancing its immunosuppressive effects.

Clinical significance

Due to its immunosuppressive properties, IL-35 has been implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. In autoimmune diseases, IL-35 is thought to suppress harmful immune responses against the body's own cells. In cancer, IL-35 may help tumors evade the immune system by suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. In infectious diseases, IL-35 may suppress excessive immune responses that can cause tissue damage.

Research

Research into IL-35 is ongoing, with studies investigating its role in various diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target. For example, therapies that increase IL-35 levels could potentially be used to treat autoimmune diseases, while therapies that decrease IL-35 levels could potentially be used to boost the immune response against cancer.

See also

• Interleukin
• Cytokine
• Regulatory T cell
• Immune system