Internal granular layer (cerebral cortex)

Internal Granular Layer (Cerebral Cortex)

The Internal Granular Layer (also known as Layer IV of the Cerebral Cortex) is a layer of the cerebral cortex that plays a crucial role in processing information in the brain. It is one of the six layers of the neocortex, each having distinct characteristics and functions.

File:Cerebral Cortex Layers.png

Layers of the Cerebral Cortex, with the Internal Granular Layer (Layer IV) highlighted.

Structure

The Internal Granular Layer is located between the External Pyramidal Layer (Layer III) and the Internal Pyramidal Layer (Layer V). It is primarily composed of small granule cells, hence the name 'granular'. These cells are densely packed and have short dendrites and axons, which allow for local information processing within the cortex.

Function

The primary function of the Internal Granular Layer is to receive and process sensory information. It receives inputs from the thalamus, a part of the brain that relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex. The granule cells in this layer then process this information and transmit it to other layers of the cortex for further processing.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the Internal Granular Layer have been associated with several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of this layer in these conditions.

See Also

• Cerebral Cortex
• Neocortex
• Granule Cell
• Thalamus