Intraepithelial lymphocyte

Intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) are a type of lymphocyte, a white blood cell, that is present in the epithelium, the outer layer of cells in the body. They play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in providing the first line of defense against pathogens.

Function[edit | edit source]

IELs are primarily involved in the maintenance of epithelial integrity. They are also involved in the immune response to pathogens. They can recognize and respond to a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. They can also recognize and eliminate malignant cells.

Types[edit | edit source]

There are two main types of IELs:

T cells: These are the most common type of IELs. They can be further divided into two types: CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells are involved in the direct killing of infected cells, while CD4+ T cells are involved in the regulation of the immune response.

B cells: These are less common than T cells, but they also play a crucial role in the immune response. They produce antibodies that can neutralize pathogens.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Abnormalities in the number or function of IELs can lead to various diseases. For example, an increase in the number of IELs is seen in celiac disease, a condition characterized by an immune response to gluten. On the other hand, a decrease in the number of IELs can lead to an increased susceptibility to infections.

References[edit | edit source]

Intraepithelial lymphocyte Resources
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