Intrathecal

Intrathecal refers to a method of administration for drugs and other substances in which they are injected or infused directly into the spinal canal or into the subarachnoid space so that they reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and are distributed to the central nervous system. This method is used to bypass the blood-brain barrier and achieve high concentrations of drugs in the CSF.

History

The intrathecal route of administration was first used in the late 19th century for the treatment of meningitis. Since then, it has been used for a variety of purposes, including the administration of anesthetics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain management medications.

Procedure

Intrathecal administration is usually performed by a healthcare professional who is trained in the procedure. The patient is typically positioned on their side or sitting up, and a needle is inserted into the space between the vertebrae in the lower back. Once the needle is in the correct position, the drug is injected or infused.

Uses

Intrathecal administration is used for a variety of purposes. It is commonly used in anesthesia to administer drugs that numb the lower half of the body. This is often done for surgeries on the lower abdomen, pelvis, or legs.

Intrathecal administration is also used in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Some chemotherapy drugs can be administered intrathecally to treat cancers that have spread to the central nervous system.

In addition, intrathecal administration is used for pain management. Certain drugs, such as opioids, can be administered intrathecally to manage severe chronic pain.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, intrathecal administration carries some risks. These can include infection, bleeding, and damage to the spinal cord. In addition, some patients may experience side effects from the drugs themselves, such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.

See Also

• Spinal anesthesia
• Chemotherapy
• Pain management