Irritable bowel

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine, also known as the colon. It is characterized by a group of symptoms that typically occur together, including abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, gas, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two. The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but several factors may contribute to its development, including intestinal muscle contractions, nervous system irregularities, inflammation in the intestines, severe infection, and changes in gut bacteria. It is also noted that IBS can be triggered by certain foods, stress, and hormonal changes.

Symptoms

The symptoms of IBS can vary widely from person to person and often resemble those of other diseases. The most common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea or constipation — sometimes alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea
• Mucus in the stool

Causes

While the exact cause of IBS is unknown, several factors are believed to play a role in its development:

• Muscle contractions in the intestine
• Nervous system
• Inflammation in the intestines
• Severe infection
• Changes in gut bacteria (microflora)

Risk Factors

Certain factors may increase the risk of developing IBS:

• Young age, as IBS typically occurs before age 50
• Female, as IBS is more common among women
• Family history of IBS, suggesting a genetic component
• Mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression

Diagnosis

There is no specific test for diagnosing IBS. The diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms and by ruling out other conditions. The Rome criteria are often used to diagnose IBS by identifying specific symptoms. Other tests, such as blood tests, stool tests, and colonoscopy, may be performed to rule out other causes.

Treatment

IBS treatment focuses on relieving symptoms so that individuals can live as normally as possible. Treatment may include:

• Dietary changes, such as increasing fiber intake or eliminating high-gas foods and gluten
• Medications, such as fiber supplements, laxatives, anti-diarrheal medications, anticholinergic medications, and pain medications
• Probiotics
• Mental health therapies, such as counseling or stress reduction techniques

Lifestyle and Home Remedies

In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle changes can help manage IBS symptoms:

• Regular physical exercise
• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Avoiding foods that trigger symptoms
• Managing stress

Prognosis

IBS is a chronic condition that will require long-term management. While it can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, it does not increase the risk of colorectal cancer or cause changes in bowel tissue.

See Also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Diet and gastrointestinal health
• Stress management in chronic diseases