Isoform

Isoform

An isoform is any of several different forms of the same protein. Different forms of a protein may be produced from related but not identical genes, or may arise from the same gene by alternative splicing. Isoforms can have minor differences in their amino acid sequence and therefore differ in their structure, function, or general properties.

Overview

Isoforms are produced by the body in order to increase the diversity of proteins with limited number of genes. This is achieved through processes such as alternative splicing, gene duplication, and post-translational modification. These processes can result in isoforms that have different functions, structures, or interactions with other molecules.

Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing is a process that can produce different isoforms from the same gene. During this process, different combinations of exons, or coding regions of a gene, are joined together to form different mRNA molecules. These different mRNA molecules can then be translated into different protein isoforms.

Gene Duplication

Gene duplication is another process that can produce isoforms. During this process, a gene is duplicated in the genome, resulting in two copies of the same gene. These copies can then evolve independently, leading to the production of different isoforms.

Post-Translational Modification

Post-translational modification is a process that can produce isoforms after a protein has been synthesized. This can include the addition of chemical groups, such as phosphate or acetyl groups, to the protein. These modifications can change the function, structure, or interactions of the protein, resulting in different isoforms.

Clinical Significance

Isoforms can have significant clinical implications. For example, different isoforms of a protein may be associated with different diseases. Additionally, the presence of certain isoforms can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.

See Also

• Protein structure
• Gene expression
• Molecular biology

Isoform Resources
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