Isometamidium

Isometamidium is a trypanocide, a type of drug used to treat trypanosomiasis, a disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma. It is primarily used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of livestock diseases, particularly African animal trypanosomiasis, also known as Nagana or tsetse disease.

Chemistry

Isometamidium is a synthetic compound belonging to the class of phenanthridine derivatives. It is a red crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a molecular formula of C28H28Cl3N5O.

Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism of action of isometamidium is not fully understood. However, it is believed to interfere with the DNA of the trypanosome parasite, preventing it from replicating and thus inhibiting its growth and survival.

Usage

Isometamidium is administered by intramuscular injection to animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. It is also used in the treatment of camels and horses. The drug is not used in humans due to its potential toxicity.

Side Effects

Possible side effects of isometamidium include anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, and respiratory failure. These are rare but serious complications that require immediate veterinary attention.

Resistance

Resistance to isometamidium has been reported in several African countries, posing a significant challenge to the control of trypanosomiasis in livestock. Research is ongoing to develop new drugs and strategies to overcome this problem.

See Also

• Diminazene
• Quinapyramine
• Suramin