Isotonic solution

Isotonic solution is a term used in medicine and biology to refer to a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution, typically one that is inside a cell or the body. The term is derived from the Greek words 'isos', meaning equal, and 'tonos', meaning tension.

Definition

An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside the cell. This balance means that there is no net movement of water through the cell membrane. If such movement were to occur, it could cause the cell to swell or shrink, which could be harmful.

Uses in Medicine

In medicine, isotonic solutions are often used for intravenous therapy to treat dehydration and other conditions that affect the body's water and electrolyte levels. Examples of isotonic solutions include normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and lactated Ringer's solution. These solutions have the same osmotic pressure as the body's cells and blood and are therefore safe for intravenous administration.

Isotonic vs Hypotonic and Hypertonic Solutions

Isotonic solutions are different from hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions. In a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside, which can cause water to move into the cell and cause it to swell. In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solites is higher outside the cell than inside, which can cause water to move out of the cell and cause it to shrink.

See Also

• Osmosis
• Cell (biology)
• Intravenous therapy
• Dehydration

Isotonic solution Resources
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