James Derham

James Derham (c. 1757 – after 1802) was an African American who, while not formally educated in medical schools, worked as a physician in the United States during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is considered the first African American to practice medicine in the U.S., even though he did not hold a medical degree.

Early life[edit | edit source]

Derham was born into slavery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was owned by several doctors, and he worked as an assistant in their practices. This is where he gained his medical knowledge and skills.

Medical career[edit | edit source]

In 1783, Derham was bought by a Scottish physician named Dr. Bob Love, who encouraged him to work in his medical practice. Derham was able to buy his freedom by 1788, and he moved to New Orleans, where he started his own medical practice. He treated both black and white patients, and he was known for his successful treatment of diphtheria and yellow fever.

In 1801, Derham met with Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and a prominent physician. Rush was impressed with Derham's medical knowledge and encouraged him to continue his practice. However, Derham disappeared from historical records after 1802, and his later life remains unknown.

Legacy[edit | edit source]

James Derham's life and work have been recognized for their historical significance. He is considered a pioneer in African American medical history, and his story is a testament to the ability to overcome the barriers of slavery and racial discrimination.