Janusz Korczak

Janusz Korczak - Nasz Dom - 1920-28

Krochmalna Street orphanage

Korczak orphanage

Mały Przegląd, Introductory Issue, October 7th, 1926 (English translation)

Mały Przegląd 1 września 1939

Janusz Korczak (born Henryk Goldszmit; 22 July 1878 or 1879 – 7 August 1942) was a Polish pedagogue, children's author, and physician known for his innovative work in education and advocacy for children's rights. Korczak was a pioneer in the field of pedagogy, emphasizing respect, trust, and understanding for children. He is remembered not only for his contributions to child psychology and education but also for his heroic stand during the Holocaust.

Biography

Henryk Goldszmit, who would later be known by his pen name Janusz Korczak, was born to a Jewish family in Warsaw, then part of the Russian Empire. He pursued medicine at the University of Warsaw and later worked as a pediatrician. However, his passion for education and literature led him to focus on writing and pedagogical work.

In 1912, Korczak became the director of Dom Sierot, an orphanage for Jewish children in Warsaw, where he implemented his progressive educational ideas. He believed in treating children with respect and dignity, allowing them democratic self-governance through a "children's court" and emphasizing individual rights.

During World War II, Korczak refused offers for his own safety and chose to stay with his orphans when the Warsaw Ghetto was liquidated. On 5 August 1942, he was deported with the children to the Treblinka extermination camp, where they were all murdered.

Educational Philosophy

Korczak's educational philosophy was ahead of its time, focusing on understanding the world from a child's perspective. He advocated for children's rights to respect, love, and understanding, arguing that children should be treated as individuals with their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences. His work laid the groundwork for modern concepts of child psychology and children's rights.

Literary Works

Korczak was also a prolific writer, penning numerous books, plays, and essays. His most famous works include "King Matt the First" and "How to Love a Child." Through his writings, he sought to give children a voice and address their struggles and joys.

Legacy

Janusz Korczak's legacy lives on through his writings and the continued relevance of his educational theories. He is commemorated through various institutions, awards, and memorials dedicated to his memory and the ideals he championed. Korczak has been recognized as a symbol of compassion and dedication to the welfare of children.

See Also

• Holocaust in Poland
• Children's rights
• Pedagogy
• Child psychology