Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham by Thomas Frye

Panopticon

Bentham - Defence of usury, 1788 - 5231094.tif

"Mortal Remains" of Jeremy Bentham, 1832 Wellcome L0007730

Jeremy Bentham Auto-Icon 2020

Jeremy Bentham (15 February 1748 – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Bentham's work is characterized by his advocacy for the principle of the greatest happiness of the greatest number. His influence extended into various fields, including ethics, economics, jurisprudence, and political theory.

Early Life

Jeremy Bentham was born in London, England, into a wealthy family that supported the Tory political faction. He was a child prodigy and began studying Latin at the age of three. Bentham attended The Queen's College, Oxford, where he received his bachelor's degree at the age of 15 and his master's degree at 18. Despite training as a lawyer at Lincoln's Inn, he grew disillusioned with the English legal system and turned his attention to writing about legal reform.

Philosophical Work

Bentham's most significant contribution to philosophy was his development of utilitarianism, a moral theory that posits that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, typically defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people. His seminal work, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), lays out this principle in detail. Bentham's utilitarianism was influential in the development of liberal democracy, public administration, and social policy.

In addition to his moral philosophy, Bentham was deeply interested in the reform of public institutions. He proposed numerous reforms for the legal system, education, and prisons, among others. His idea of the Panopticon, a design for prisons, hospitals, and schools, emphasized the importance of surveillance for good governance.

Legacy

Bentham's ideas have had a lasting impact on various fields. In jurisprudence, his emphasis on the utility of law has influenced the development of legal positivism. In political science, his work laid the groundwork for the theory of liberal democracy. Furthermore, Bentham's advocacy for animal rights and the decriminalization of homosexual acts was revolutionary for his time.

After his death, Bentham left instructions for his body to be preserved as an auto-icon, which is currently housed at University College London. This act reflects his lifelong commitment to utilitarian principles, intending his preserved body to serve educational purposes.

See Also

• Utilitarianism
• Liberal democracy
• Legal positivism
• Panopticon