Tory

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John Belasyse (Bellasis), 1st Baron Belasyse of Worlaby by Gilbert Jackson

Tory Refugees by Howard Pyle

KingsMountain DeathOfFerguson Chappel

Pride London Parade, July 2011 (5963245767)

Tory refers to a member of a political party or group in various countries that is typically associated with conservative or right-wing ideologies. The term has its origins in the United Kingdom, where it was initially used in the 17th century to describe a political faction that supported the monarchy over Parliament. Over time, the meaning and usage of the term have evolved, and it has been adopted by different countries with varying political contexts.

Origins and History

The word "Tory" derives from the Irish word "tóraidhe," referring to an outlaw or bandit. In the late 17th century, during the Exclusion Crisis, it was used to describe those who supported the rights of James, Duke of York, to succeed to the English throne, despite his Catholic faith. This group was in opposition to the "Whigs," who were against James's succession. The Tories were defenders of the Anglican Church and the monarchy's prerogative, and they generally supported a hierarchical and traditional social structure.

Over the centuries, the Tory Party evolved into what is known today as the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom. The transition from Tory to Conservative was largely completed by the early 19th century, under the leadership of figures such as Sir Robert Peel. The term "Tory" is still used colloquially in the UK to refer to members and supporters of the Conservative Party.

Tory in Other Countries

In addition to the United Kingdom, the term "Tory" has been used in other countries, often to describe conservative political parties or their members.

Canada

In Canada, "Tory" has been used historically to refer to members of the Conservative political parties, including the historical Conservative Party of Canada (pre-1942), the Progressive Conservative Party, and the modern Conservative Party of Canada. Canadian Tories have traditionally supported federalism, free market policies, and the British connection.

United States

In the United States, "Tory" was used during the American Revolution to describe Loyalists who remained loyal to the British Crown. Today, the term is not commonly used in American political discourse.

Ideology and Policies

Tory ideology traditionally centers on conserving established traditions and institutions, supporting monarchy or strong executive leadership, and advocating for a hierarchical society. Economic policies among Tory or conservative parties can vary but often include support for free market capitalism, fiscal conservatism, and limited government intervention in the economy.

Contemporary Usage

In contemporary politics, "Tory" is most commonly associated with the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom. The party's policies and ideology can vary depending on the leadership, but it generally promotes free enterprise, a strong national defense, and policies aimed at reducing the role of the state in the economy.

Criticism and Controversy

The Tory parties and their policies have been subjects of criticism and controversy. Critics argue that Tory policies can exacerbate social inequalities, underfund public services, and neglect environmental concerns. Supporters contend that conservative policies foster economic growth, maintain social stability, and uphold national sovereignty.