Jerusalem cross

Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry

Silver coin of James II of Cyprus

Jerusalem-kreuz

Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Godfroy

Godefrey of Bouillon

Jerusalem Cross also known as the Crusaders' Cross or the Five-fold Cross, is a heraldic cross and Christian symbol consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant. This symbol has been used throughout history, particularly during the Crusades, and carries various interpretations and significances.

Origin and History

The origins of the Jerusalem Cross are somewhat debated, but it is widely recognized as a symbol associated with Jerusalem, the holy city for Christians, Jews, and Muslims. The cross is thought to have been adopted by the Crusaders in the 12th century, specifically by the Kingdom of Jerusalem, as a symbol of their mission to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

The design of the Jerusalem Cross is rich in symbolism. The large central cross is said to represent Jesus Christ, while the four smaller crosses symbolize the four Gospels or the four directions in which Christianity would spread from Jerusalem. Another interpretation is that the five crosses together represent the five wounds of Christ during the crucifixion.

Design and Symbolism

The Jerusalem Cross features a large central cross with equal arms, known as a cross potent because of its T-shaped ends. Surrounding the central cross are four smaller Greek crosses. The entire design is often enclosed within a circle or a square. The cross is typically gold or red, colors that are associated with the divine and with martyrdom, respectively.

This cross has been used in various contexts, including on flags, coats of arms, and as a motif in Christian art and architecture. It remains a powerful symbol of faith, particularly among Christian denominations in the Middle East.

Modern Usage

Today, the Jerusalem Cross is used by several Christian institutions, including the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, a Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the Holy See. It also appears in the logos of organizations dedicated to preserving Christian heritage in the Middle East.

In addition to its religious connotations, the Jerusalem Cross is a symbol of intercultural dialogue and peace, representing the historical and spiritual significance of Jerusalem to different faiths and cultures.

See Also

• Crosses in heraldry
• Christian symbolism
• Crusades
• History of Jerusalem