John Rollo

John Rollo (1749–1809) was a British Army officer and later a medical doctor, who is best known for his work on the dietary management of diabetes mellitus. His pioneering work in the late 18th century laid the foundation for the modern dietary treatment of diabetes.

Early Life and Military Career

John Rollo was born in 1749. Details about his early life and education are sparse, but it is known that he joined the British Army and served as an officer. His military career took him to various parts of the world, including the West Indies, where he first became interested in medical science, particularly in the treatment of tropical diseases that affected soldiers under his command.

Medical Career and Work on Diabetes

After retiring from the army due to health reasons, Rollo pursued a career in medicine. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, one of the leading medical schools of the time. After completing his studies, he focused on the treatment of chronic conditions, which led him to his groundbreaking work on diabetes mellitus.

In 1797, Rollo published "An Account of Two Cases of the Diabetes Mellitus". This work detailed the treatment of a patient with diabetes through a strict diet that significantly reduced the intake of carbohydrates, particularly sugar and starchy foods. Rollo's dietary management included a high intake of meat and fat, which was a radical departure from the conventional treatments of the time. His approach showed remarkable success in controlling the symptoms of diabetes, making him a pioneer in the dietary management of the disease.

Legacy

John Rollo's work on diabetes is considered a seminal moment in the history of the treatment of the disease. His emphasis on diet as a key component of diabetes management predates the discovery of insulin and remains a cornerstone of diabetes treatment to this day. Rollo's approach to treating diabetes with a low-carbohydrate diet has influenced subsequent generations of physicians and researchers in the field of endocrinology and nutrition.

Death

John Rollo died in 1809. While his work was not fully appreciated in his lifetime, his contributions to medical science, particularly in the treatment of diabetes, have been recognized posthumously.