John W. Gardner

John W. Gardner, U.S. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare

John W. Gardner (October 8, 1912 – February 16, 2002) was an American administrator, educator, author, and politician. He is best known for his role as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under President Lyndon B. Johnson and for founding the influential Common Cause organization.

Early Life and Education

Gardner was born in Los Angeles, California. He attended Stanford University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in psychology in 1935. He later received a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1938.

Career

Academic and Early Career

After completing his education, Gardner taught at Connecticut College and Mount Holyoke College. During World War II, he served as a captain in the United States Marine Corps.

Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare

In 1965, Gardner was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. During his tenure, he was instrumental in the implementation of Medicare and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

Common Cause

In 1970, Gardner founded Common Cause, a nonpartisan citizens' lobby organization that aimed to make political institutions more accountable and responsive to the public. The organization played a significant role in advocating for campaign finance reform and government transparency.

Later Career

Gardner continued to be active in public service and education throughout his life. He served as the chairman of the National Urban Coalition and was a member of the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. He also authored several books on leadership and civic engagement, including "Excellence: Can We Be Equal and Excellent Too?" and "Self-Renewal: The Individual and the Innovative Society."

Legacy

John W. Gardner is remembered for his contributions to public service, education, and civic engagement. His work has had a lasting impact on American society, particularly in the areas of health, education, and political reform.

Personal Life

Gardner was married to Aida Marroquin, and they had two daughters. He passed away on February 16, 2002, in Palo Alto, California.

See Also

• Lyndon B. Johnson
• Medicare
• Common Cause
• Elementary and Secondary Education Act