Jugular fossa
Jugular fossa is a depression located on the base of the skull, specifically on the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It is a part of the human anatomy that serves as a passageway for the internal jugular vein.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term "jugular" is derived from the Latin word "jugulum" which means throat or neck. The term "fossa" is derived from the Latin word "fossus" which means ditch or trench.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The jugular fossa is located on the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It is a deep, broad depression that is bounded anteriorly by the petro-occipital suture and posteriorly by the jugular notch of the occipital bone. The fossa is divided into two parts by the intrajugular process, a bony ridge that extends from the anteromedial to the posterolateral part of the fossa.
The jugular fossa serves as a passageway for the internal jugular vein, which drains blood from the brain, face, and neck. The vein passes through the jugular foramen, a large opening in the base of the skull that is located at the junction of the temporal and occipital bones.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Due to its location and the structures it houses, the jugular fossa can be involved in various medical conditions. For instance, tumors or infections in this area can compress the internal jugular vein, leading to symptoms such as swelling and pain in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice. Additionally, fractures involving the base of the skull can damage the jugular fossa and the structures within it, potentially leading to serious complications such as bleeding or nerve damage.
Related terms[edit | edit source]
- Jugular foramen: A large opening in the base of the skull through which the internal jugular vein and several cranial nerves pass.
- Internal jugular vein: A major vein that drains blood from the brain, face, and neck.
- Temporal bone: A bone in the skull that forms part of the side and base of the skull.
- Occipital bone: A bone that forms the back and base of the skull.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
