Kalimavkion

Eastern Orthodox man in Jerusalem by David Shankbone

Kalimavkion (also spelled calimavkion, kalymavkion), is a traditional Christian religious headgear worn by Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic clergy, particularly by monks and bishops. It is also used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. The kalimavkion is a stiff cylindrical head covering, with a high crown and slightly flared rim. Its appearance can vary slightly among different Christian denominations. The hat is typically made of black silk or another fabric, and it is often accompanied by a veil called the epanokamelavkion, which covers the back and shoulders of the wearer, and in the case of bishops, it may be adorned with icons or other religious symbols.

Design and Usage

The design of the kalimavkion may differ slightly depending on the tradition of the church. In the Greek Orthodox Church, it is typically taller and more cylindrical, while in the Russian Orthodox Church, it may be slightly rounded at the top. The kalimavkion is worn during liturgical services and other religious ceremonies. It serves as a symbol of the clergy's dedication and service to God, as well as a mark of their rank within the church hierarchy.

History

The origins of the kalimavkion are not entirely clear, but it is believed to have developed from the Phrygian cap, a soft, conical cap with the top pulled forward, which was worn in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East. Over time, the cap evolved into a more structured form, becoming a distinct part of Christian clerical attire by the Byzantine period. The kalimavkion's design and use have remained relatively consistent since then, with only minor variations among different Orthodox and Eastern Catholic communities.

Significance

The kalimavkion holds significant religious and symbolic meaning. It is a sign of the wearer's celibacy, humility, and dedication to a life of service to the church and God. The headgear is also a mark of the clergy's separation from the secular world and their commitment to spiritual leadership and guidance.

Variations

In addition to the standard black kalimavkion worn by monks and some priests, bishops often wear a version that is purple or red and may be adorned with icons or other decorations. The Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church is known to wear a white kalimavkion. The epanokamelavkion, or veil, that accompanies the kalimavkion can also vary in length and style, depending on the rank of the clergyman and the specific traditions of his church.

See Also

• Religious habit
• Skufia
• Klobuk
• Mitre