Kanmuri (headwear)

Emperor Akihito 199011 1

Kanmuri (冠) is a type of traditional Japanese headwear that has been worn by nobility, particularly by courtiers and emperors, during ceremonial occasions. The kanmuri is characterized by its unique shape, which includes a tall, black lacquered cap with a flat top and a long, trailing white or sometimes colored cord at the back. This headgear is an essential part of the sokutai, the traditional court dress of Japan, and plays a significant role in the country's cultural and historical heritage.

History

The origins of the kanmuri can be traced back to the Asuka period (538–710) and Nara period (710–794), where it was influenced by Chinese ceremonial attire through cultural exchanges during these periods. Over the centuries, the design of the kanmuri evolved, but its symbolic significance and association with the imperial court and nobility remained constant. The kanmuri is most commonly associated with the Heian period (794–1185), a time when Japanese court culture and ceremonial practices flourished.

Design and Symbolism

The kanmuri's design is highly symbolic. The tall, black lacquered cap, known as the "tate-eboshi," represents dignity and the wearer's high status. The flat top signifies the wearer's connection to the heavens, while the trailing cord, or "shime-nawa," symbolizes the connection between the wearer and the earth. This cord is usually made of silk and can be white, which is most common, or other colors depending on the specific rank and role of the wearer within the court hierarchy.

Types of Kanmuri

There are several types of kanmuri, each designated for different ranks and occasions: - Shokanmuri: Worn by the emperor during certain religious ceremonies. - Kazaori Eboshi: A less formal version worn by nobles, characterized by a forward-bending top. - Bunkanmuri: Used by scholars or those in academic positions within the court.

Ceremonial Use

The kanmuri is worn during various ceremonial occasions, including Shinto rituals, imperial ceremonies, and weddings among the nobility. It is part of the elaborate sokutai ensemble, which also includes a kimono, a long outer robe called a "ho," and a belt or sash known as an "obi." The complete attire is a symbol of Japanese tradition and is carefully preserved and passed down through generations in the imperial family and among the aristocracy.

Modern Times

In contemporary Japan, the kanmuri is rarely seen outside of traditional ceremonies and historical reenactments. However, it remains a powerful symbol of Japan's imperial tradition and cultural heritage. The craftsmanship involved in creating a kanmuri is highly specialized, involving traditional techniques for lacquering and silk weaving that have been passed down through generations.

See Also

• Sokutai
• Japanese clothing
• Emperor of Japan
• Heian period