Kathak

Sharmila Sharma et Rajendra Kumar Gangani 2

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Manisha

Kathak 3511900193 986f6440f6 b retouched

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Kathak dance India November 2011

Nahid Siddiqui

Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance. The name Kathak is derived from the Sanskrit word katha meaning story, and katthaka in Sanskrit means he who tells a story, or to do with stories. Rooted in the narrative history of ancient India, Kathak evolved during the Bhakti movement, particularly by incorporating the childhood and stories of the Hindu god Krishna, as well as independently in the courts of North Indian kingdoms.

Origins and History

Kathak's origins are traditionally attributed to the traveling bards of ancient northern India, known as Kathakars or storytellers. These bards, performing in village squares and temple courtyards, mostly told stories from ancient epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, through music, dance, and songs. Over time, the Kathakars incorporated elements of dance into their performances, giving birth to Kathak as a distinct form of dance.

During the Mughal era, Kathak took a significant turn as it received royal patronage and flourished in the courts of the Mughal emperors. The dance form adapted to the tastes of the Mughal court, which emphasized more on the technical aspects of dance, such as intricate footwork, rapid spins, and the use of facial expressions to convey emotions, known as abhinaya. This period also saw the introduction of the Ghazal and other Persian and Islamic influences in Kathak.

Styles and Gharanas

Kathak is characterized by its distinct styles or Gharanas, mainly attributed to the regions where they were developed. The three main Gharanas are the Jaipur Gharana, the Lucknow Gharana, and the Banaras Gharana. Each Gharana has its unique interpretation of Kathak, focusing on different aspects such as footwork, expressions, or the use of the ghungroo (small bells worn around the ankles).

• Jaipur Gharana: Emphasizes the technical aspects of dance, including complex and powerful footwork, multiple spins, and high jumps.
• Lucknow Gharana: Known for its grace, elegance, and emphasis on abhinaya (expression of emotions).
• Banaras Gharana: Combines elements of both the Jaipur and Lucknow Gharanas but also introduces its unique compositions and presentations.

Performance and Repertoire

A Kathak performance typically begins with a slow-tempo introduction, gradually building up speed and complexity. The repertoire includes nritta (pure dance), nritya (expressive dance), and natya (dramatic storytelling). Performers often engage in Jugalbandi or a competitive play with the musicians, particularly with the tabla player, matching and improvising steps with the rhythm.

Costumes and Instruments

The traditional Kathak costume for women is a long, pleated skirt paired with a blouse and a veil or dupatta, while men wear a kurta and churidar or dhoti. The costume colors and designs vary according to the performer's preference and the nature of the performance. Musical accompaniment typically includes the tabla (percussion), sarangi or harmonium (melody), and sometimes flute and sitar for melodic support.

Modern Kathak

In contemporary times, Kathak has transcended its traditional boundaries to incorporate global musical and thematic elements, making it a versatile and evolving form of dance. Kathak dancers and choreographers today experiment with new compositions, storytelling methods, and fusion styles, bringing a fresh perspective to this ancient art form while maintaining its classical roots.

See Also

• Indian classical dance
• Bhakti movement
• Mughal Empire
• Ghazal