Kazys Grinius

Members of the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania near the Kaunas City Theatre in 1920

Kazys Grinius (17 December 1866 – 4 June 1950) was a prominent Lithuanian politician, diplomat, and author, best known for serving as the third President of Lithuania from 7 June 1926 until his ousting in a coup d'état on 17 December 1926. His brief presidency was marked by his commitment to democracy, civil liberties, and the promotion of social welfare. Despite his short term in office, Grinius' legacy as a champion of democracy and a moderate in the turbulent interwar period remains significant in Lithuanian history.

Early Life and Education

Kazys Grinius was born in the village of Selema, part of the then Russian Empire, in what is today Lithuania. He pursued medical studies at the University of Moscow, where he became involved in the Lithuanian national revival movement. After completing his studies, Grinius worked as a doctor, but his passion for Lithuanian independence and social issues steered him towards political activism.

Political Career

Grinius' political career began in earnest in the early 20th century, as he became an active member of the Lithuanian Democratic Party. He was a strong advocate for Lithuania's independence from Russian rule, contributing to the cause through both his writings and political activities. Following Lithuania's declaration of independence in 1918, Grinius held several important positions, including that of a diplomat and a member of the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania. He was also a member of the Seimas (Lithuanian Parliament), where he was known for his advocacy for social welfare, education, and agrarian reform.

In 1926, Grinius was elected President of Lithuania, a position he held for only a few months before being overthrown by a military coup led by Antanas Smetona. The coup marked the end of democratic governance in Lithuania and the beginning of an authoritarian regime that would last until World War II.

Later Life and Legacy

After the coup, Grinius was forced into political exile. He lived in Germany for a time before moving to the United States, where he continued to be an active voice in the Lithuanian expatriate community, advocating for Lithuania's independence and democratic governance. Grinius passed away in Chicago in 1950.

Despite his brief tenure, Kazys Grinius is remembered as a principled leader who stood for democratic ideals in a time of political upheaval. His commitment to social justice, civil liberties, and national independence has left a lasting impact on Lithuania's political landscape. In recognition of his contributions, Grinius has been posthumously honored by the Lithuanian government, and his legacy is celebrated in Lithuanian history and culture.

See Also

• List of Presidents of Lithuania
• History of Lithuania (1918–1940)
• Lithuanian National Revival