Kelabit people

Sarawak; a group of native Kalabit men. Photograph. Wellcome V0037426

Sarawak; three native Kalabit women. Photograph. Wellcome V0037427

The pagan tribes of Borneo; a description of their physical, moral and intellectual condition, with some discussion of their ethnic relations (1912) (14598282467)

BEADED AND TATTOOED BEAUTIES OF THE KALABIT TRIBE

Sarawak; a native Kalabit smithy. Photograph. Wellcome V0037410

Kelabit people are an indigenous ethnic group residing primarily in the northeastern part of Sarawak, Malaysia, specifically in the remote Kelabit Highlands. They are part of the larger grouping of people known as the Orang Ulu, or "upriver people", which also includes several other ethnic groups such as the Kayan and Kenyah peoples. The Kelabit are known for their rich cultural heritage, traditional longhouses, and the cultivation of Bario rice, a highly prized variety of rice within Malaysia.

History

The Kelabit, like many indigenous groups in Borneo, have a long history that is deeply connected to the land they inhabit. Oral histories and archaeological findings suggest that they have been living in the highlands for centuries, leading a semi-nomadic lifestyle of hunting, foraging, and farming. The Kelabit Highlands, with their fertile lands and cooler climate, provided an ideal environment for the cultivation of rice, which has been a staple of Kelabit agriculture and culture.

During World War II, the Kelabit Highlands gained strategic importance, and the Kelabit people played a significant role in assisting Allied forces. This period also marked the beginning of significant changes in the Kelabit way of life, as contact with the outside world increased.

Culture

The culture of the Kelabit people is rich and multifaceted, encompassing traditional dances, music, crafts, and a strong sense of community. One of the most notable aspects of Kelabit culture is their traditional longhouses, which serve as communal living spaces. These longhouses are central to Kelabit social structure, fostering a sense of unity and cooperation among residents.

Bario rice cultivation is another cornerstone of Kelabit culture. This highland rice is renowned for its texture and taste and is grown using traditional methods passed down through generations. The annual Pesta Nukenen, or Bario Food Festival, celebrates this agricultural heritage, showcasing traditional Kelabit cuisine, crafts, and cultural performances.

Language

The Kelabit language is part of the Austronesian language family, which is widespread across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is closely related to the languages spoken by other Orang Ulu groups. However, like many indigenous languages, it is considered vulnerable due to the increasing dominance of Malay and English in Malaysia. Efforts are being made to preserve and revitalize the Kelabit language through educational programs and community initiatives.

Religion

Traditionally, the Kelabit practiced animism, believing in a spiritual connection with nature. However, the 20th century saw a significant shift towards Christianity, which now plays a central role in Kelabit community life. This transition has led to changes in social practices and festivals, though many traditional beliefs and rituals are still observed and integrated into Christian practices.

Challenges

The Kelabit people face several challenges today, including issues related to land rights, the preservation of their cultural heritage, and the impacts of modernization. The encroachment of palm oil plantations and the lure of urban centers pose threats to traditional ways of life. Despite these challenges, the Kelabit community remains resilient, actively working towards sustainable development and cultural preservation.

See Also

• Orang Ulu
• Bario rice
• Sarawak
• Indigenous peoples of Borneo