Kingdom of Sardinia

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Kingdom of Sardinia Regno di Sardegna
1324–1861
Status	Monarchy
Capital	Cagliari (1324–1720), Turin (1720–1861)
Government	Absolute monarchy (1324–1848), Constitutional monarchy (1848–1861)
King
• 1324–1327	James II of Aragon (first)
• 1849–1861	Victor Emmanuel II (last)
History
• Treaty of London	1324
• Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy	1861
Currency	Sardinian lira
Preceded by Succeeded by Judicate of Arborea Judicate of Cagliari Judicate of Gallura Judicate of Logudoro Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Sardinia (

) was a state in Southern Europe from 1324 until 1861, when it became part of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy. The kingdom was initially established by the Crown of Aragon and later came under the control of the House of Savoy.

History

Establishment

The Kingdom of Sardinia was established in 1324 following the Treaty of London (1324), which ended the conflict between the Crown of Aragon and the Republic of Pisa over control of the island. The kingdom was initially composed of the territories of the former Judicate of Arborea, Judicate of Cagliari, Judicate of Gallura, and Judicate of Logudoro.

Aragonese and Spanish Rule

From its establishment, the Kingdom of Sardinia was under the control of the Crown of Aragon, and later the Spanish Empire. During this period, the kingdom was governed by a viceroy appointed by the Spanish monarch.

House of Savoy

In 1720, following the Treaty of The Hague (1720), the Kingdom of Sardinia was ceded to the House of Savoy. The Savoyard rulers moved the capital from Cagliari to Turin and began a series of reforms to modernize the kingdom.

Unification of Italy

The Kingdom of Sardinia played a crucial role in the Italian unification movement, also known as the Risorgimento. Under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II and his prime minister Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, the kingdom expanded its territory through a series of wars and diplomatic efforts. In 1861, the Kingdom of Sardinia was officially merged into the newly proclaimed Kingdom of Italy, with Victor Emmanuel II becoming its first king.

Government and Politics

The Kingdom of Sardinia was initially an absolute monarchy, but it transitioned to a constitutional monarchy in 1848 with the granting of the Statuto Albertino, a constitution that provided for a parliamentary system of government.

Economy

The economy of the Kingdom of Sardinia was primarily agrarian, with agriculture and pastoralism being the main economic activities. The kingdom also had a small but growing industrial sector, particularly in the regions of Piedmont and Liguria.

Culture

The Kingdom of Sardinia was a melting pot of different cultures, including Italian, Spanish, and French influences. The official language was Italian, but various regional languages and dialects were also spoken.

Related Pages

• Crown of Aragon
• House of Savoy
• Italian unification
• Victor Emmanuel II
• Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
• Statuto Albertino
• Kingdom of Italy