Kippah

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Zielona kipa z domu Szymona Klugera w Oświęcimiu, MZ-334-O 01

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IDF soldier kippah put on tefillin-small

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Air Force Jewish Chaplain (Capt.) Sarah Schechter - Iraq

Kippa

Kippah (also spelled as kippa, kipa, kippot for plural, or Yarmulke in Yiddish) is a brimless cap, usually made of cloth, worn by Jews to fulfill the customary requirement held by Orthodox Judaism that the head be covered at all times. It is a widely recognized symbol of Jewish identity and adherence to Jewish law. The practice of wearing a kippah has varied significance and origins, which are rooted in both tradition and halacha (Jewish law).

Etymology and History

The word kippah (Hebrew: כִּפָּה) means "dome" or "covering" in Hebrew, reflecting its shape and purpose. The Yiddish word Yarmulke may derive from the Polish words jarmułka or the Ukrainian yarmulka, which possibly originates from the Turkish word yağmurluk meaning "rainwear". Historically, the practice of covering the head was associated with a sign of respect towards God and as a distinction from non-Jewish societies. Over centuries, it has evolved from a general custom into a distinct and widely recognized commandment for many Jewish communities.

Religious Significance

In Judaism, the covering of the head is often associated with reverence and humility before God. It serves as a constant reminder of God's presence and the individual's commitment to Jewish law and tradition. While not explicitly mandated by the Torah, the practice is derived from various rabbinic interpretations of biblical texts. For example, the Talmud (Kiddushin 31a) suggests that covering the head can inspire fear of heaven. In Orthodox and some Conservative communities, wearing a kippah is considered a halachic requirement, especially during prayer, study of Torah, and while eating.

Cultural and Social Aspects

The kippah has also become a symbol of Jewish identity, distinguishing Jews from members of other faith communities. The style, color, and material of kippah can reflect religious affiliation, level of observance, or even social and political views. For instance, knitted or colorful kippot are often associated with Religious Zionism, while black velvet ones are typically worn by those identifying with Haredi Judaism.

Variations and Customs

There are various customs regarding the wearing of the kippah. Some Jewish men wear the kippah at all times, while others may choose to wear it only during prayer, study, or religious occasions. The obligation for wearing a kippah is traditionally upon men, though in some modern and non-Orthodox communities, women may also choose to wear a kippah or other head coverings as a sign of equality or personal religious expression.

Legal and Political Aspects

In some countries, the wearing of a kippah can be a political statement, especially in contexts of anti-Semitism or debates over religious freedom. There have been instances where wearing a kippah in public has led to controversy or even legal challenges, reflecting broader societal attitudes towards Jewish practices and identity.

See Also

• Judaism
• Orthodox Judaism
• Conservative Judaism
• Reform Judaism
• Jewish law
• Talmud