Kochi

Miniature of Pedro Alvares Cabral (cropped)

Periplous of the Erythraean Sea

Planta de cochim bocarro 1635

Kochi Jewish Synagogue B

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Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി), formerly known as Cochin, is a major port city on the south-west coast of India by the Laccadive Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is often referred to as Ernakulam. Kochi is known as the financial, commercial, and industrial capital of Kerala. It has a population of more than 2 million people, making it the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala.

Kochi's significance as a trading port city dates back to at least the 14th century, when it became a notable spice trading center on the Arabian Sea coast. The city was occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, making it the site of the first European colonial settlement in India. It was later occupied by the Dutch and the British, with each colonial power leaving its mark on the city's architecture and urban development.

History

The history of Kochi is a tale of trade, colonialism, and culture. The city's strategic importance was recognized by the Portuguese when they established a fort in Kochi in the early 16th century. The Fort Kochi area, with its colonial-style bungalows, ancient churches, and the famous Chinese fishing nets, stands as a testament to the city's colonial past.

Geography

Kochi is located on the west coast of India and has a coastline with the Laccadive Sea. It lies north of the equator and has a tropical monsoon climate. The city is characterized by its uneven terrain, consisting of coastal plains, river deltas, and a few hills.

Economy

The economy of Kochi is diverse, encompassing traditional industries such as spice trading, seafood, and coir production, alongside modern sectors like Information Technology (IT), shipbuilding, and tourism. The Cochin Shipyard is one of the largest shipbuilding facilities in India. Kochi is also home to the InfoPark and SmartCity, two of the largest IT parks in Kerala.

Culture

Kochi has a rich cultural heritage, with influences from Hindu, Christian, and Muslim traditions. The city is famous for its classical dance form, Kathakali, and the annual Kochi-Muziris Biennale, an international exhibition of contemporary art. The cuisine of Kochi reflects its history as a melting pot of cultures, featuring seafood dishes that blend local flavors with Arab, British, and Portuguese influences.

Transport

Kochi is well-connected by air, road, and rail. The Cochin International Airport is the first airport in the world to be fully powered by solar energy. The city's public transportation network includes buses, metro (Kochi Metro), and ferries. The Kochi Water Metro, a water transport project, is under development to further enhance connectivity within the city.

Tourism

Tourism is a significant part of Kochi's economy. Major attractions include the Fort Kochi area, the Mattancherry Palace, the Jewish Synagogue, the ancient mosques, and the historic churches. The backwaters of Kochi are also a popular destination for tourists seeking to experience the beauty of Kerala's landscapes.

Education

Kochi is an educational hub in Kerala, hosting several universities, colleges, and research institutions. Prominent institutions include Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), the National University of Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS), and the Indian Maritime University.

Healthcare

The city is known for its advanced healthcare facilities, with numerous hospitals, clinics, and research institutions providing care at both the primary and tertiary levels.