Kodiak Island

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Kodiak Native Artifacts

Kodiak, 1805

Operational Navigation Chart D-11, 5th edition

Shelikhov settlement

Snows on Center Mountain by Nick Longrich

Kodiak Island is a large island located in the Gulf of Alaska, part of the United States state of Alaska. It is the second-largest island in the United States, after the Big Island of Hawaii, and the 80th largest island in the world. The island has a rich history, diverse wildlife, and a vibrant culture, making it a significant location both historically and in contemporary times.

Geography

Kodiak Island has a total area of approximately 3,595.09 square miles, making it slightly larger than the state of Delaware. The island's landscape is characterized by rugged mountains, dense forests, and vast wilderness areas. It is separated from the Alaska mainland by the Shelikof Strait. The island's largest city and main port is Kodiak, which serves as the economic and cultural hub of the island.

History

The island has been inhabited for over 7,000 years, initially by Alutiiq people, who are part of the larger Sugpiaq culture that encompasses the Pacific Eskimo peoples. The first recorded European contact with the island was by Russian explorer Stephan Glotov in 1763, who was followed by Grigory Shelikhov in 1784, establishing the first Russian settlement in Alaska at Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island. The island became a center of the Russian fur trade, particularly for sea otters, which were highly valued for their pelts.

In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia, and Kodiak Island became part of the U.S. territory. The island played a strategic role during World War II, with the construction of the Kodiak Naval Operating Base and Fort Greely. Today, Kodiak Island is known for its commercial fishing industry, particularly for salmon and crab.

Wildlife

Kodiak Island is renowned for its diverse and abundant wildlife, most notably the Kodiak bear, a subspecies of the brown bear unique to the island. The Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, which covers two-thirds of the island, was established to protect this species and its habitat. The island is also home to other wildlife, including bald eagles, foxes, and numerous marine species such as whales, sea otters, and seals.

Economy

The economy of Kodiak Island is primarily based on commercial fishing, seafood processing, and tourism. Fishing for salmon, halibut, and crab is a significant part of the island's economy. Tourism is also an important industry, with visitors coming to the island for wildlife viewing, fishing, and outdoor recreation.

Culture

Kodiak Island has a rich cultural heritage, with a significant influence from the Alutiiq people. The Alutiiq Museum in Kodiak is dedicated to preserving and sharing the history and culture of the Alutiiq/Sugpiaq peoples. The island also has a strong Russian heritage, evident in the Russian Orthodox Church's presence and historical sites.

Transportation

Transportation to and within Kodiak Island is primarily by air and sea. The Kodiak Airport provides commercial flights to and from Anchorage and other locations. Ferry services are also available through the Alaska Marine Highway System, connecting Kodiak with other parts of Alaska.

Conclusion

Kodiak Island is a unique and vital part of Alaska's landscape, offering a combination of natural beauty, wildlife, and cultural heritage. Its significance extends from its role in the history of Alaska's indigenous peoples and Russian colonization to its current status as a center for commercial fishing and tourism.