LILRA2

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LILRA2

LILRA2 (Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor, Subfamily A (With TM Domain), Member 2), also known as ILT1, LIR-7, and CD85h, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA2 gene. This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found within the immunoglobulin superfamily. The LIR family includes both activating and inhibitory receptors involved in a wide range of immune functions, including inflammation, autoimmunity, and the immune response to pathogens.

Structure and Function

LILRA2 is an immunoglobulin-like receptor that lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains typical of most other LIR family members, which suggests that it may act through association with other membrane-bound proteins or by capturing ligands in a soluble form. The receptor is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, where it plays a role in modulating immune responses. LILRA2 can bind to a wide range of ligands, including class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, though the full range of its ligands and its exact mechanism of action remain subjects of ongoing research.

Genetics

The LILRA2 gene is located on chromosome 19 in a cluster with other LIR family genes. Genetic variations in LILRA2 have been studied for their potential associations with susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases and infections, reflecting the gene's role in the immune system.

Clinical Significance

Research has indicated that LILRA2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis. Additionally, its role in modulating immune responses makes it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diseases characterized by excessive or inappropriate inflammation.

Potential Therapeutic Targets

Given its involvement in immune regulation, LILRA2 represents a potential target for drugs designed to modulate the immune response. Therapeutic strategies could include blocking LILRA2's interaction with its ligands or modulating its expression on immune cells to treat or prevent autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.

Research Directions

Future research on LILRA2 is likely to focus on elucidating its ligands and signaling pathways, understanding its role in disease, and exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies are also likely to investigate the genetic regulation of LILRA2 expression and its interactions with other immune receptors and ligands.