Lactarius torminosus

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Lactarius torminosus, commonly known as the woolly milkcap, is a species of mushroom in the Russulaceae family. It is notable for its distinctive pinkish cap, which is covered in a woolly fringe, and the milky fluid it exudes when cut or broken. This species is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe and North America, where it forms mycorrhizal associations with various species of birch trees.

Description

Lactarius torminosus features a cap that ranges from 4 to 10 cm in diameter, initially convex before flattening out, often with a central depression. The cap's margin is distinctly rolled inward in young specimens and covered with a characteristic woolly fringe. The color can vary from pale pink to salmon or even light orange. The gills are closely spaced, adnate to slightly decurrent, and pale cream in color, becoming more yellowish with age. The stem is 3 to 7 cm high and 1 to 2 cm thick, similar in color to the cap but paler, and may also display a woolly texture especially towards the base.

The mushroom secretes a white, acrid-tasting milk when the flesh is damaged, a feature common to many members of the genus Lactarius. This latex does not change color upon exposure to air. The spore print of Lactarius torminosus is cream to pale yellow.

Habitat and Distribution

Lactarius torminosus is primarily found in forests and woodlands associated with birches (Betula spp.), with which it forms symbiotic mycorrhizal relationships. These associations are crucial for nutrient exchange between the fungus and its host tree. It is commonly encountered in both mixed and deciduous forests across the Northern Hemisphere, from the temperate regions of Europe to the boreal forests of North America and Asia.

Edibility

The mushroom is considered edible by some, though it is known to cause gastrointestinal upset in certain individuals if not properly prepared. In some cultures, it is traditionally pickled or parboiled to detoxify before consumption. However, due to its acrid taste and potential for confusion with poisonous species, novice foragers are often advised to avoid it.

Similar Species

Lactarius torminosus can be confused with other pinkish or woolly-capped members of the Lactarius genus, such as Lactarius pubescens and Lactarius rufus. Careful observation of the milk's reaction to air, the mushroom's association with birch, and the distinctive woolly margin of the cap are key identifying features.

Conservation

While Lactarius torminosus is not currently listed as endangered or threatened, its reliance on birch forests suggests that changes in these habitats could impact its populations. Conservation of its woodland habitats is essential for the preservation of this species.